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A Pocket-Sized Sensor That Detects Harmful Air Particles in Real Time

At a Glance

Researchers at Colorado State University have developed a compact sensor that directly measures nano- to micro-scale airborne particles. The device captures particles in real time without needing multiple instruments or lab analysis. It improves detection of the smallest, most harmful particles that are often missed by existing tools. Its lightweight design makes it practical for everyday use in the field.  

Background

Airborne particles, especially at the nanoscale, pose serious health risks because they can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream. Traditional monitoring systems often rely on indirect measurements or multiple bulky instruments, which can lead to particle loss and delayed results. Existing tools may also struggle to accurately detect sub-micron particles, limiting their usefulness in high-risk environments. There is a growing need for portable, accurate, and real-time exposure monitoring solutions for nanomaterials. 

Overview

This technology is a personal airborne particle sensor that captures particles directly onto a sensor surface using a combination of diffusion (effective for nanoscale particles) and impaction (for larger particles). As particles accumulate, the sensor measures changes, enabling continuous, real-time monitoring of airborne particulate exposure.  A built-in circuit reads the signals, and the modular design lets the electronics be reused separately from the sampling part 

The design enhances collection efficiency for smaller particles while minimizing interference from larger ones. Experimental results showed approximately 77% of captured particles measuring below 1 micrometer in diameter. This highlights the device’s strong sensitivity to sub-micron particles, a key advantage over many conventional methods. 

Figure 1. Photographs of the capacitance sensor/heater strip and interface PCB (a), the strip assembly mounted in the sampler top housing viewed from above (b) and from the side showing the inlet, outlet, top, and bottom of the sampler (c), and the fully assembled system showing the readout PCB, interface PCB, and sampler (d).
Figure 2. Sensor counting response over time for road dust and a dry test (no dust generation), showing a clear increase in capacitance counts following dust introduction at ~20 minutes and a stable baseline in the absence of particles. Key experimental events — pump on, dust generation start and pump off — are indicated by dashed vertical lines.

Benefits

  • Directly measures sub-micron and nanoscale airborne particles
  • Provides real-time exposure data without external analysis
  • Compact and lightweight for wearable, long-duration use
  • Improved capture efficiency for smaller, high-risk particles
  • Modular design allows reuse of electronic components

Applications

  • Worker exposure monitoring in mining, construction, and manufacturing
  • Safety assessment in nanomaterial production environments
  • Air quality monitoring in agriculture, restaurants, and industrial cleaning
  • First responder and firefighter exposure tracking
  • Environmental and occupational health research

Publications

Back, D. et al. (2020). Development of Interdigitated Capacitive Sensor for Real-time Monitoring of Sub-micron and Nanoscale Particulate Matters in Personal Sampling Device for Mining Environment. IEEE Sensors Journal. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2020.2995960.

C. Tsai, et al. (2018). A sampler designed for nanoparticles and respirable particles with direct analysis feature. J Nanopart Res. 20:209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-018-4307-2 

Last Updated: June 2026
A gloved hand holds a small white 3D-printed dome-shaped sampler housing with a narrow inlet port on top, part of CSU's wearable real-time airborne particle detection sensor system.
Opportunity

Available for Licensing
TRL: 4

IP Status

US Patent 11248993

Inventors

Su-Jung (Candace) Tsai

Reference Number
17-022
Licensing Manager

Aly Hoeher
Aly.Hoeher@colostate.edu
970-491-7100

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