• About
    • Our Team
    • Careers
    • Stories
  • Technology Transfer
    • Available Technologies
    • Innovators
      • Meet Our Innovators
      • Submit Disclosure
      • NAI Chapter
    • Startups
      • Meet Our Startups
    • Lab to Life
      • About Lab to Life
      • Lab to Life Process
      • Lab to Life Startups
      • Lab to Life Team
      • Lab to Life Contact
    • AI POC Grant Program
    • Workshops and Events
      • CSU Demo Day
    • FAQ
  • Real Estate Services
    • The Prospect
    • Maintenance Request Form
    • Commercial Leasing
  • Financing Program
  • Maxwell Ranch
  • Connect
  • Newsletter Signup
  • Submit Disclosure
  • About
    • Our Team
    • Careers
    • Stories
  • Technology Transfer
    • Available Technologies
    • Innovators
      • Meet Our Innovators
      • Submit Disclosure
      • NAI Chapter
    • Startups
      • Meet Our Startups
    • Lab to Life
      • About Lab to Life
      • Lab to Life Process
      • Lab to Life Startups
      • Lab to Life Team
      • Lab to Life Contact
    • AI POC Grant Program
    • Workshops and Events
      • CSU Demo Day
    • FAQ
  • Real Estate Services
    • The Prospect
    • Maintenance Request Form
    • Commercial Leasing
  • Financing Program
  • Maxwell Ranch
  • Connect
  • Newsletter Signup
  • Submit Disclosure

ARMOR: Secure and Reliable Indoor Positioning

At a Glance

Researchers at Colorado State University have created ARMOR, a new system that significantly improves how we pinpoint locations indoors using Wi-Fi. ARMOR is engineered to deliver accurate location tracking even in challenging conditions: 1) it handles Wi-Fi signal distortions caused by different mobile devices, 2) it adapts to distortions in Wi-Fi signals over time due to human movement or furniture rearrangement, and 3) it defends against the often-overlooked risk of cyber-attacks designed to mislead indoor localization systems. ARMOR features a dual-AI architecture: the first AI model performs real-time location estimation, while a second AI model continuously monitors the system’s integrity, detecting errors and applying corrections on the fly. This approach ensures reliable and safe indoor localization all in a lightweight package that can be deployed on smartphones.

Background

Pinpointing exact indoor locations is becoming highly valuable for many everyday uses, from asset tracking to personalized services. A popular way to do this is by using Wi-Fi signals collected from all available routers at a given location, known as a “Wi-Fi fingerprint.” Wi-Fi is widely accessible and compatible with most mobile devices, making it a convenient choice for indoor localization / navigation. But this method can get thrown off by small differences in devices or changes in the room, like moving furniture. While a new approach called federated learning lets different devices help train a central location model without sharing private data. But deploying federated learning in real-time, ever-changing indoor spaces introduces new risks: the system can become corrupted due to mobile device, indoor environmental changes, or even deliberate cyber-attacks

Overview

ARMOR first learns what a normal, healthy update to its central location model should look like by using a special “state-space model” (SSM). This SSM acts like a smart predictor, anticipating the next expected changes in the model’s “brain.” When a mobile device sends its updated location data, ARMOR checks if these updates match what the SSM predicted. If the updates deviate too much from the prediction, ARMOR steps in. It figures out exactly which parts of the update are problematic and adjusts them, essentially cleaning up the data before it can corrupt the main location model. This technique means only reliable and corrected information is used to improve the overall location system. In real-world tests, ARMOR significantly outperformed existing systems, reducing common location errors by up to 8 times and drastically cutting down on the worst-case errors by nearly 5 times. Plus, it’s designed to run efficiently on mobile devices, keeping user data private.

Figure 1. A comparison of the mean localization errors for ARMOR and other state-of the-art methods across different attack methods and in different environments.
Figure 2. Working of the ARMOR framework (a) ARMOR offline phase, (b) ARMOR online phase.

Benefits

  • Pinpoints locations indoors with much greater accuracy, reducing average errors by up to 8 times compared to current systems.
  • Minimizes major location errors, cutting down worst-case errors by nearly 5 times.
  • Automatically adjusts to different mobile devices and changing indoor environments.
  • Actively defends against cyberattacks designed to corrupt location data, making the system more trustworthy.
  • Keeps learning and improving over time as conditions change, ensuring long-term accuracy.
  • Works efficiently on mobile devices while keeping user information private.

Applications

  • Asset tracking in complex indoor environments.
  • Personalized services based on precise indoor location.
  • Indoor navigation systems for large buildings or campuses.
  • Smart home automation that adapts to user location.
  • Location-based advertising in commercial spaces.
  • Healthcare applications requiring real-time indoor patient or equipment tracking

Publications

D. Gufran et al (2026) “ARMOR: Adaptive resilience against model poisoning attacks in continual federated learning for mobile indoor localization.” Pervasive and Mobile Computing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2026.102209

Last Updated: July 2026
Hand holding a Samsung smartphone with an indoor navigation map open, inside a grocery store produce section with fruits and vegetables in the background.
Opportunity

Available for Exclusive Licensing
TRL: 4

IP Status

US 19/741,853

Inventors

Sudeep Pasricha
Danish Gufran
Akhil Singampalli

Reference Number
2025-017
Licensing Manager

Jessy McGowan
Jessy.McGowan@colostate.edu
970-491-7100

Contact Us About this Technology
Download PDF
Download
Strata logo white
  • Technology Transfer
  • Real Estate Services
  • Financing Program
  • Maxwell Ranch
  • Connect
  • Equal Opportunity Employer
  • Tax Information
  • Technology Transfer
  • Real Estate Services
  • Financing Program
  • Maxwell Ranch
  • Connect
  • Equal Opportunity Employer
  • Tax Information
Serving the Colorado State University System with strategic real estate services, intellectual property protection and licensing, and financing activities.
Integrity
Reliability
Respect
Innovation
Excellence
Submit Disclosure

Newsletter Sign Up

Connect